On October 3, 2019, the Fifth Section of the European Court of Human Rights gave its judgment in Past [3]ö [3]rs v. Germany [3]. A press release [4] issued by the Court stated that the case concerned untrue statements intentionally made to defame Jewish people. The Court held that such statements are not protected by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights [5] (on freedom of expression) and are, in fact, “contrary” to its values. The Court further held that, “the…statements affected the dignity of the Jews to the point that they justified a criminal response” at the national level.