On March 11, 2019, a UN panel of experts released the final report [3] on its work, finding that North Korea’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs “remain intact and the country continues to defy Security Council resolutions through a massive increase in illegal ship-to-ship transfers of petroleum products and coal.” The panel found that North Korea had violated the arms embargo and had tried to supply small arms and light weapons to groups in Yemen, Libya, and Sudan. It also noted that “financial sanctions remain some of the most poorly implemented and actively evaded measures of the sanctions regime.” In looking into ship-to-ship transfers, they inspected seized vessels that had been involved in prohibited coal trading and found “ship identity laundering, whereby the owners had deceived IMO into providing new vessel identity numbers to avoid repeat detection” and also that North Korean ports and airports “were being used for rampant violations of the resolutions, ranging from illegal oil imports and coal exports to the smuggling of bulk cash by nationals of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.” The panel of experts also made a series of recommendations to member states, the UN Security Council, and other UN entities concerning practices to prevent further violations of the sanctions regimes