On November 15, 2016, the U.K. Parliament passed the Investigatory Powers Bill [3], a controversial piece of legislation that allows authorities to access communications data without judicial approval except in the case of uncovering a press source. According to reports [4], the legislation also allows authorities to seek communications data or equipment interference in bulk by applying for a warrant. The bill has received muted criticism [5] for increasing the government’s surveillance capabilities to new heights.