On July 18, 2014, the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights released a report [3] finding evidence that both the State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) committed human rights violations and possible war crimes and crimes against humanity. The report found ISIL responsible for the “deliberate or indiscriminate targeting of civilians in a systematic manner, the use of civilians as shields, and hindering civilians from access to humanitarian assistance or areas of safety,” which “constitute serious violations of IHL, IHRL, and the laws of Iraq and may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity.”  Similarly, the report found that ISF and affiliated forces committed violations that may constitute a war crime, “including summary executions/extrajudicial killings of prisoners and detainees” as well as, “on occasion, lack of adherence to the principle of distinction and proportionality or failures to take necessary precautions to protect civilians in carrying out military operations.”