On August 15, 2014, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2170 [3], “[e]xpressing its gravest concern that territory in parts of Iraq and Syria is under the control of Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and Al Nusrah Front (ANF).”  Acting under Chapter VII, the Security Council “[d]eplores and condemns in the strongest terms the terrorist acts of ISIL and its violent extremist ideology, and its continued gross, systematic and widespread abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law.” According to a news article [4], the “[o]ngoing turmoil in northern Iraq has led the UN to designate its highest level emergency – ‘Level 3’ – for the resultant humanitarian crisis, citing the scale and complexity of the situation, which is impacting tens of thousands of people that have been forcefully displaced by the armed group, Islamic State.”