On September 23, 2021, the Republic of Azerbaijan instituted proceedings against the Republic of Armenia before the International Court of Justice. The proceedings concern the interpretation and the application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Azerbaijan claims that Armenia has conducted and continues to conduct “discriminatory acts against Azerbaijanis on the basis of their ‘national or ethnic’ origin,” continues its “ethnic cleansing” policy and “incites hatred and ethnic violence against Azerbaijanis.” Azerbaijan requests the Court “to hold Armenia accountable for its violations,” and to indicate provisional measures.