On June 16, 2025, Human Rights Watch criticized Hungary’s decision to withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC), following the country’s formal notification of withdrawal earlier in June. Hungary’s withdrawal appears motivated by opposition to ICC arrest warrants issued against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and other Israeli officials for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza.

Under Article 127 of the Rome Statute, Hungary’s withdrawal will take effect on June 2, 2026, one year after notification. Until that date, Hungary remains bound by Rome Statute obligations, including the duty to arrest individuals subject to ICC warrants. However, Netanyahu’s visit to Hungary in April 2025 raises questions about the country’s commitment to these obligations during the transition period.

The withdrawal places Hungary in a precarious position within the European Union. Once effective, Hungary will become the only EU member state outside the ICC, potentially violating Article 3 of the Treaty on European Union, which requires adherence to “strict observance and the development of international law.” The EU has announced it is reviewing Hungary’s decision.

Hungary has characterized the ICC as a “politically motivated court system” that is “anti-Semitic,” reflecting broader international tensions over the Court’s investigations. The decision follows recent US sanctions on ICC officials in response to investigations into the US and Israel.