A recent report by the New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy provides a comprehensive analysis of the Tigray War (2020-2022) in Ethiopia, highlighting the complex historical context and devastating consequences of the conflict. The report presents substantial evidence suggesting that Ethiopian and allied forces committed genocide against the Tigrayan people. This includes:

• Direct Intent: Speeches and statements by Ethiopian government officials revealing intentions to eliminate or erase Tigrayans.
• Targeted Violence: Widespread discrimination, violence, and ethnic cleansing targeting Tigrayans.
• Hate Speech and Incitement: Derogatory language and media campaigns inciting violence against Tigrayans.
• Involvement of Eritrean Forces: The involvement of Eritrean forces, known for their hostility towards Tigrayans, reinforces the genocidal intent.
• Specific Acts: Mass killings, sexual violence, destruction of cultural heritage, and deliberate infliction of conditions to destroy the Tigrayan population.

The report documents numerous instances of crimes against humanity and war crimes committed by all sides involved in the conflict. These crimes include massacres, rape, torture, arbitrary detentions, and the use of starvation as a weapon of war. The Tigrayan forces are also accused of committing war crimes against civilians, including killings and sexual violence.

The report emphasizes the need for accountability and highlights potential avenues for justice, both domestically and internationally. It calls for Ethiopia to implement a comprehensive transitional justice policy and cooperate with international investigations and recommends that the International Criminal Court (ICC) could also play a role in investigating and prosecuting those responsible for the most serious crimes.

Despite a peace agreement in November 2022, the situation in Tigray remains fragile, with ongoing ethnic tensions, displacement, and humanitarian crises. Rebuilding efforts face significant challenges, including lack of basic services and widespread hunger. Achieving lasting peace and reconciliation will require addressing the root causes of the conflict, ensuring accountability, and fostering dialogue and inclusivity among all stakeholders. The international community has a crucial role to play in supporting these efforts and ensuring justice for the victims of the Tigray War.

Overall, the report by the New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy provides a detailed and disturbing account of the Tigray War, highlighting the scale and severity of the atrocities committed. It serves as a critical resource for understanding the conflict, advocating for accountability, and working towards a just and lasting resolution in Ethiopia.