On November 6, 2014, the European Court of Human Rights (The Court) ruled (French only) in Dvoracek v. Czech Republic that the Czech Republic did not violate the European Convention of Human Rights (the Convention) by performing “protective sexological treatment in a hospital instead of the outpatient treatment” that Mr. Dvoracek had refused after multiple convictions for sex offenses against minors.  According to the press release, the Court found that the Czech Republic had not violated Article 3 (inhuman or degrading treatment), since “the protective sexological treatment imposed on Mr Dvořáček had been intended to protect him and therefore had not constituted a ‘punishment’” under the definition of Article 3.  While Mr. Dvoracek complained of “fear of the hospital, castration, humiliation and loss of dignity,” the Court found that the treatment “had been justified by his state of health and his conduct.”