On March 21, 2016, the International Criminal Court (ICC) convicted Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo of two counts of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes. In addition to the unanimous decision by the three-judge Trial Chamber, Presiding Judge Sylvia Steiner and Judge Kuniko Ozaki both submitted separate supplemental opinions. Bemba was on trial for crimes committed in the Central African Republic between October 2002 and March 2003 when he was President of the Mouvement de Libération du Congo (MLC) and Commander-in-Chief of its military branch. As the press release notes, Trial Chamber III found that MLC troops Bemba dispatched to the Central African Republic directed widespread attacks against civilians, including rape, murder, and pillaging over a wide geographic area. Under a theory of command responsibility, the Court found that Bemba exercised effective authority and control over MLC troops in the Central African Republic and that he was aware the troops were committing or about to commit the crimes for which he was ultimately convicted. In a press statement, ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda said the decision “affirms . . . that commanders are responsible for the acts of the forces under their control.” The judgment is notable for its focus on sexual violence; Bemba was convicted for the rapes of twenty-seven women and two men by his troops. More than 5,000 victims were granted the right to participate in the proceedings. Bemba will be sentenced in a separate proceeding.