On July 17, 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rendered its final judgment in the Jadhav Case (India v. Pakistan). In May 2017, India instituted proceedings at the ICJ against Pakistan asserting that Pakistan had violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR) when it detained  Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav, an Indian national. In its Application, India stated that Jadhav was taken by Pakistan from Iran on suspicion of espionage and sabotage activities. India claimed that Indian authorities were not informed of Jadhav’s detention until twenty-two days after his arrest and were not granted consular access despite repeated requests. Jadhav was tried and sentenced to death by a Pakistani military court. The ICJ held in its judgment that: (1) persons suspected of espionage are not excluded from protections set forth in VCCR Article 36; (2) Pakistan violated its obligations under VCCR Article 36(1)(b) by not informing Jadhav of his rights under that provision without delay; (3) Pakistan further breached its obligations under VCCR Article 36(1)(b) by not notifying the appropriate Indian authorities of Jadhav’s detention without delay; and (4) Pakistan breached its obligations under VCCR Articles 36(1)(a) and (c) by not permitting India to communicate with and have access to Jadhav. The Court found that the appropriate remedies for these breaches are that Pakistan is under an obligation to: (1) inform Jadhav of his rights and provide Indian consular officers access to him; (2) effectively review and reconsider Jadhav’s conviction and sentence; and (3) continue stay of execution during the review and reconsideration of Jadhav’s conviction and sentence. Reports indicate that Pakistan is currently not permitting Indian consular access to Jadhav and that talks regarding such access have “ended as of now.”