On February 12, 2015, the United Nations Security Council, acting under Chapter VII of the U.N. Charter, adopted a resolution targeting the funding sources of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Al-Nusrah Front (ANF) and “all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida.” According to a press release, the Council condemned “those buying oil from the groups, banning all trade in looted antiquities from Iraq and Syria, and calling on States to end ransom payments.” The resolution also condemned the “destruction and smuggling of cultural heritage” and urged member states to “take appropriate steps to prevent the trade in Iraqi and Syrian cultural property and other items of . . . historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance illegally removed from Iraq since 6 August 1990 and from Syria since 15 March 2011.”