U.S. Implementation of Adverse WTO Rulings: A Closer Look at the Tuna-Dolphin, COOL, and Clove Cigarettes Cases
Critics of the World Trade Organization (WTO) fear that WTO rules can be used to challenge regulatory actions intended to protect the environment, bolster food safety, or promote public health.[1] These fears were brought to the fore by three recent cases concerning the WTO's Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement).[2] In those cases, the United States was found to have violated the non-discrimination obligation in Article 2.1 of the TBT Agreement, and in