On December 14, 2015, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (Appeals Chamber) delivered its judgment on several appeals cases, and thereby concluded the Tribunal’s judicial activity. According to the press release, one of the appellants’ arguments was that “their proceedings were unduly delayed [and] . . . that they suffered prejudice as a result.” The Appeals Chamber noted that “the right to be tried without undue delay is enshrined in Article 20(4)(c) of the Statute” and is “determined on a case-by-case basis. A number of factors are relevant to this assessment, including: the length of the delay; the complexity of the proceedings; the conduct of the parties; the conduct of the relevant authorities; and the prejudice to the accused, if any.” In order to be successful, the appellant “must prove that the trial chamber violated a provision of the Statute or the Rules and that this violation caused prejudice that amounts to an error of law invalidating the trial judgement.” The Appeals Chamber agreed with the appellants, finding “that delays in the start of the trial due to the Prosecution’s conduct and delays resulting from the Trial Chamber judges’ simultaneous assignment to multiple cases cannot be reasonably explained or justified” and concluding that the delay had caused prejudice to the appellants. The Appeals Chamber further decided “that the Trial Chamber applied an incorrect legal standard” as the basis of five appellants’ convictions for crimes against humanity “on the basis that they acted with discriminatory intent on ethnic grounds.” It found that “none of the Trial Chamber’s findings supports the conclusion that they committed this crime on one of the three discriminatory grounds enumerated in Article 3(h) of the Statute, namely on political, racial, or religious grounds” and thus reversed the convictions on this basis. The Appeals Chamber also reviewed individual arguments advanced by the appellants, affirming most of the Trial Chambers finding but reversing convictions on some charges for lack of notice to the defendant during the proceedings or errors in the Trial Chamber’s reasoning.